More than ever, France seems to be torn apart by identity-based fractures, which are not only maintained by the extreme right and patent racists. Over the past five years, the debate on islamophobia has become more acrimonious, less academic and more political. Based on her academic experience in the United States, Jocelyne Cesari analyzes the Florence Bergeaud-Blacker case. She highlights a French-style culture war, a significant factor in the polarization of the debate on Islamic studies.